How Do Treatment Plants Make Drinking Water?

Access to clean drinking water is essential for human survival. However, not all water sources are naturally safe for consumption. Treatment plants play a crucial role in making water safe to drink. In this article, we will explore the process of how treatment plants make drinking water.

Coagulation and Flocculation

The first step in treating water is coagulation, which involves adding chemicals such as aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, or polymer to the water. These chemicals cause small particles and impurities to come together and form larger particles, making them easier to remove. The next step is flocculation, which involves mixing and gently stirring the water with paddles to help the particles gather together and form larger clumps that can be easily removed.

Sedimentation

After coagulation and flocculation, the water flows into sedimentation basins where the large clumps of particles settle to the bottom of the basin. This is called sedimentation. The clear water at the top of the basin is then drawn off for further treatment.

Filtration

The next step is filtration, where water is passed through layers of sand, gravel, and/or charcoal to remove any remaining impurities. Because the layers are of different sizes, the water is effectively filtered as it passes through. Filtration is an essential step to ensure that water is free from any visible particles and contaminants.

Disinfection

Finally, the water is disinfected to kill bacteria, viruses, and parasites that may be present. Chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant in water treatment plants. It is added to the water at a specific dose to ensure the water is safe to drink. In some cases, other disinfectants such as ozone, chlorine dioxide, or ultraviolet light may also be used, depending on the specific needs of the water supply.

Conclusion

Access to clean drinking water is crucial for our health and well-being. Treatment plants play an essential role in making water safe to drink. The four steps involved in treating water include coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. By treating our water, we can ensure that it is free of impurities and safe to drink.